Centralized vs. Decentralized Green Initiatives

Centralized vs. Decentralized is a debate that has the pendulum swing from side to side. With Green's increased focus, the pendulum swings towards centralized and top down initiatives.  In Uptime Institute this was advocated as "Energy Czar" position.

Here is an example of something which may have seemed obvious on the surface, but ran into problems. University of Washington in Seattle has their #2 administrator, Provost Phyllis Wise, driving the creation of the College of Environment at UW.

To many people, the idea that the University of Washington would create a new College of the Environment seems a no-brainer: Some of the biggest issues facing humanity would get greater academic scrutiny in a city where people seem to care deeply about nature.

But within the UW, details of the plan are sparking intense debate. Many faculty who are in thriving programs have shown little interest in joining a new college. The vision publicly unveiled by Provost Phyllis Wise just three weeks ago — to create the world's largest environment college — appears to be running into serious problems.

Thanks to the college's democratic process, something most corporations do not have, the departments/colleges which would be centralized under the new school have rejected the idea.

Vote against college

In an advisory poll, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences voted by an overwhelming 27-1 against joining the college. In another of the units — the Department of Earth and Space Sciences — the results were even more definitive: 29-0 against.

"Our mandate is to study things from the center of the Earth to the rim of the solar system," said Robert Winglee, who chairs Earth and Space Sciences. "The environment is that thin layer in which we live."

Winglee said faculty were concerned that elements of their study wouldn't fit in with the mandate of a new college. He informed Wise of the vote a month before she released her plan.

Was Winglee surprised, then, to see his department listed on the plan? "Yes," he replied simply, adding that he doesn't want to comment further for fear of becoming embroiled in academic politics.

One of the biggest problems with Green Initiatives and the people behind them is they get so passionate about their cause, they can't see the impact on others or understand why there would be opposition.  Sounds Ironic that a Green Initiative is not aware of the impact to others.

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Two Different opinions, Why Amazon Went Down

You all know amazon.com suffered a 2 hour outage on Friday, suffering a 4.59% stock drop, lost sales, and damage to its reputation. I found 2 different opinions which give you some ideas on what happened.

GigaOm has a factual analysis looking for cause and effect.

So what happened? Let’s look at the facts.

  • Traffic to https://www.amazon.com was getting there. So DNS was configured properly to send traffic to Amazon’s data centers. Global server load balancing (GSLB) is the first line of defense when a data center goes off the air. Either GSLB didn’t detect that the main data center was down, or there was no spare to which it could send visitors.
  • When traffic hit the data center, the load balancer wasn’t redirecting it. This is the second line of defense, designed to catch visitors who weren’t sent elsewhere by GSLB.
  • If some of the servers died, the load balancer should have taken them out of rotation. Either it didn’t detect the error, or all the servers were out. This is the third line of defense.
  • Most companies have an “apology page” that the load balancer serves when all servers are down. This is the fourth line of defense, and it didn’t work either.
  • The HTTP 1.1 message users saw shows something that “speaks” HTTP was on the other end. So this probably wasn’t a router or firewall.

This sort of thing is usually caused by a misconfigured HTTP service on the load balancer. But that would happen late at night, be detected, and rolled back. It could also happen from a content delivery network (CDN) not retrieving the home page properly.

So my money’s on an AFE or CDN problem. But as Berman notes, Amazon’s store is a complex application and much of their infrastructure doesn’t follow “normal” data center design. So only time (and hopefully Amazon) will tell.

Site operators can learn from this: Look into GSLB, and make sure you have geographically distributed data centers (possibly through AWS Availability Zones.) It’s another sign we can’t take operations for granted, even in the cloud.

and WSJ blogger has a more entertaining version.

“The Amazon retail site was down for approximately 2 hours earlier today (beginning around 10:25) - and we’re bringing the site back up.

Amazon’s systems are very complex and on rare occasions, despite our best efforts, they may experience problems. We work to minimize any disruption and to get the site back as quickly as possible.

Amazon’s web services were not affected nor were our international sites.”

The statement doesn’t explain what went wrong, however. Here are some possibilities the Business Technology Blog has come up with and — in honor of tomorrow’s Belmont Stakes — our carefully-calculated odds that it’s what caused the problem.

* An explosion, fire or some other mishap at one of Amazon’s data centers: 5 to 1
* A faulty software upgrade: 7 to 1
* A so-called denial-of-service attack that tries to overwhelm the site with traffic: 10 to 1
* The site was broken into the by same guys who “RoXed Comcast”: 100 to 1
* A rush on Amazon’s Kindle e-book reader: 1,000 to 1
* Sharks with laser beams on their heads: 1,000,000 to 1

Most people will focus on what needs to happen to prevent this from happening again. Or you can accept the fact that no matter what you do, outages will happen, and it is part of an online business. So, the challenge is how you handle the customer relations of an outage. The smart companies address both issues with a good analysis of the long term effects.  This coincidentally aligns with companies who think about green/sustainability action in the long term.  The last thing you want to do in going green is be reactive. 

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Green Email Solution, suppresses use of Paper in Compliance Scenarios

GoodMail has a certified email paper suppression solution.

CertifiedEmail Paper Suppression (CertifiedEmail PS) is the first application designed to provide legal proof that a specific email message was sent and received at the server-level email inbox. Built on the CertifiedEmail platform, CertifiedEmail PS enables a business to prove that a given message was sent and delivered on a specified day, to a specific recipient. A digital signature technology validates the exact contents of the message. This nonrepudiation capability provides a means for companies to meet regulatory compliance while doing so with electronic means instead of paper notifications, saving money while compressing the consumer notice period.

CertifiedEmail PS may meet regulatory compliance obligations, including Regulation Z, Sarbanes-Oxley and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.

The product has the following green benefits.

  • Cut costs of paper processing & postal delivery of certain customer communications with regulatory compliance or other special needs
  • Paper based notices cost between $0.35 and $1.50 to process, vs. $0.03 for CertifiedEmail PS
  • Consumer notifications arrive faster, contracting the timeline for regulated consumer processes such as collections, service actions, etc.
  • Reduce waste.  1 ream of paper (500 sheets) costs $0.80, 5 lbs. of CO2 and 6% of a tree.  (Source: www.whatsyourwedge.com)
  • I am going to spend more time thinking about this product and researching the issues.

    The company just got a new CEO hire, Peter Horan from InterActive Media who is going to address advertising scenarios.

    Media and Advertising Veteran Peter Horan Joins Goodmail as Chief Executive Officer

    New CEO Will Spearhead First Advertising Platform for the Inbox

    MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., May 19, 2008 - Goodmail Systems, creator of CertifiedEmail™, the industry’s standard for trusted email, today announced Peter Horan as its new chief executive officer.  With over two decades of media and advertising industry leadership, Horan comes to Goodmail from IAC Media and Advertising, where as CEO he oversaw more than $250 million in advertising and commerce revenue from Evite, Pronto, IAC Mobile and Ask Sponsored Listings.  He will bring to the company a level of unmatched experience and vision as Goodmail extends the CertifiedEmail platform for trusted consumer email to offer true “Email 2.0” advertising solutions for top brands and direct marketers.

    “CertifiedEmail is quickly becoming a best practice for top email marketers. Goodmail sent more than 1.6 billion CertifiedEmail messages in the month of April alone,” said Horan. “The ability to deliver safe and legitimate email messages to consumers not only provides immediate return for senders today, it creates a platform upon which exciting new inbox-based advertising products can be introduced. Most importantly, CertifiedEmail actually improves consumers’ trust in email right now and makes it easier for them to spot messages they want.”

    Horan has experience in both startups and large companies. He served as the CEO of Allbusiness.com (now part of Dun & Bradstreet), About.com (now part of the New York Times) and DevX.com (now part of Jupitermedia).  Previously he spent 10 years in publishing at International Data Group, serving as SVP and Publisher of Computerworld, and also worked for 15 years in senior account management roles at Ogilvy & Mather and BBDO.

    “Peter has a proven track record pioneering new advertising platforms and creating innovative ways of driving online consumer engagement,” said Daniel Dreymann, president and co-founder of Goodmail. “His leadership, ambition and creative instincts make him the perfect person to lead Goodmail’s management team and build out the capabilities of the CertifiedEmail platform.”   

    Horan will lead the introduction of Goodmail’s new advertising platform for the inbox, leveraging the company’s unique CertifiedEmail service, which has been adopted by seven of the nation’s top 10 email mailbox providers, and is in use by over 500 commercial brands and 200 government agencies and nonprofits.  He will work closely with Dreymann who had previously served as CEO.

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    Greening Security Services in a Data Center by Virtualization

    Found this article in echannelline.com which is one of the first I’ve seen discussing the ideas of Green and Security in the same article.

    Security platform provider Crossbeam Systems has waded into the Green IT discussion by releasing a white paper outlining steps that CIOs can take to achieve more efficient data centers by reducing the energy consumption of security-related equipment through the adoption of virtualization.

    "Security has been a particularly egregious contributor to increasing data center energy consumption," said Peter Doggart, Crossbeam's Director of Product Marketing and the author of the white paper. "The good news is that the advances in security virtualization that Crossbeam has pioneered are helping customers consolidate their security-related hardware on the order of 20-to-one. The dramatic savings, ease of management and reduction of energy benefits to be realized resonate strongly among IT organizations."

    The marketing document is kind of an advertorial format, but has some interesting parts like Green Data Center can be achieved by consolidating network security services into fewer devices as there have been device sprawl in the data center.

    In the traditional, non-virtualized environment, companies address their
    security issues by deploying special-purpose appliances built to run a
    host of security applications, from firewalls and content gateways to IDS
    devices and URL filters. Connecting this array of appliances is an excess
    of additional switching equipment, patch cabling, and load balancers.
    In this environment, network security has been in favor of the security
    vendors, with their response to each new threat being, “Have I got a box
    for you, and by the way, you are going to need a lot of them.”
    The good news is there are numerous innovative companies focusing on
    a particular security threat area. That focus is a big plus for customers.
    The downside is that these focused companies typically require that
    another box be added in order to deploy their solution. The requirement
    for redundancy and ever-increasing traffic demands accelerate growth
    in the number of appliances deployed. This phenomenon is known as
    “appliance sprawl”
    Appliance sprawl yields extraordinarily complex data center architectures,
    leading to wasted space, growing energy usage, and difficulty in fault
    diagnosis. Moreover, because these devices require connections to
    Layer 2 and 3 network switches plus load balancers, and have limited
    networking and application processing power, they essentially become
    embedded, single-purpose elements in the network. This means that
    when the security services need to be expanded or upgraded, so
    does the network – an expensive and inefficient use of IT and security
    resources.

    This article did server another purpose to remind to contact Guy Brunsdon, giving us an excuse to talk technical stuff while our wives watch the kids. Guy and I get along even though he is Nikon user and I am a Canon dSLR user.

    Technical Marketing Director, VMware

    Guy Brunsdon is responsible for Technical Marketing of Networking for VMware Infrastructure at VMware. Prior to VMware he spent eight years at Cisco Systems in Australia and the United States in a variety of technical marketing and product marketing roles. Most recently he was responsible for product marketing of the Catalyst product lines in High Performance Computing. Prior to Cisco, Guy was Chief Network Architect for the Telstra enterprise network in Australia. Guy currently resides in Bellevue, WA.

    Here is blog post about one of Guy’s presentations.

    Today I've started attending Guy Brunsdon speech about best practice in configuring networking.
    He started with basic on vSwitch telling that they behave as layer 2 physical switch (so no layer 3 routing).
    He put strike on the importance of having network teaming to achieve:

    • better use of bandwidth
    • enhanced availability and performance

    Another important feature to be used is VLAN tagging (that implies 802.1Q hardware), moreover in case of Virtual infrastructure deployed on blade system with lack of the ports.

    Greening of a network while meeting security SLAs requires a focus on efficiency and cost effectiveness, and i know Guy would be a great resource on this.

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    Amazon Web Services, Service Health Dashboard

    Found a cool AWS Web Site, reporting Service Health.

    Amazon guys are thinking of customer support.

    Amazon Web Services publishes our most up-to-the-minute information on service availability in the table below. Check back here any time to get current status information, or subscribe to an RSS feed to be notified of interruptions to each individual service. If you are experiencing a real-time, operational issue with one of our services that is not described below, please inform us by clicking on the "Report an Issue" link to submit a service issue report.

    Jun 4, 2008

    Report an Issue

    Current Status
    Details
    RSS


    Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (API)
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Instances)

    [RESOLVED] Severe Weather - Instances Unavailable

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    12:29 PM PDT We are currently experiencing severe weather near one of our Amazon Web Services locations. We are investigating impact and will provide updates on the dashboard.

    1:01 PM PDT During the transition to backup generator power, we had a small number of EC2 instances in a single Availability Zone shut themselves down. We will be restoring these instances and will post here when this is complete. We continue to monitor the situation closely.

    2:26 PM PDT A brief update to let you know that all instances affected by this issue have been restored. We'll also be following up with additional information about this event.


    Amazon Flexible Payments Service
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon Mechanical Turk (Requester)
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon Mechanical Turk (Worker)
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon SimpleDB
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon Simple Storage Service (EU)
    Service is operating normally.


    Amazon Simple Storage Service (US)

    [RESOLVED] Severe Weather - timeouts and 503s

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    1:52 PM PDT Amazon S3 US customers may currently be experiencing an elevated rate of timeouts and 503 errors due to the severe weather events near one of our locations. We are investigating.

    1:56 PM PDT Quick update to let you know that we are currently in the process of recovering.

    2:14 PM PDT Recovery is proceeding, though some customers may still be seeing timeouts and/or errors at this stage. We'll post another update shortly.

    2:35 PM PDT Amazon S3 US has recovered and system-wide performance has returned to normal. We'll be posting here with more information about this event once we've completed our investigation.


    Amazon Simple Queue Service
    Service is operating normally.

    and, here is an example of an incident report.

    image

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