Apple’s MobileMe, a Black Data Center (not Green)

There is a bunch of news about Apple’s MobileMe service and Steve Job’s email - http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&q=apple+mobileme

The actual Steve Jobs email is published here.

GigaOm has some interesting background check which shows how Apple’s MobileMe service exhibits the characteristics of a Black Data Center.  Not even close to being a Green Data Center which means Apple’s costs are high for their services compared to their competitors.

I have picked up some tidbits from my Internet infrastructure sources, who tell me that:

  • There is no-unified IT plan vis-a-vis applications; each has their own set of servers, IT practices and release scenarios.
  • Developers do testing, load testing and infrastructure planning, all of which is implemented by someone else.
  • There’s no unified monitoring system.
  • They use Oracle on Sun servers for the databases and everything has its own SAN storage. They do not use active Oracle RAC; it is all single-instance, on one box, with a secondary failover.
  • Apparently they are putting web servers and app servers on the same machines, which causes performance problems.

One of my sources opined that Apple clearly wasn’t too savvy about all the progress made in infrastructure over the past few years. If this insinuation is indeed true, then there is no way Apple can get over its current spate of problems. It needs a crash course in infrastructure and Internet services. Apple’s problem is that it doesn’t seem to have recognized the fact that it’s in the business of network-enabled hardware.

The looks, UI and edge devices are only as good as the networking experience — whether it comes from Apple or from its partners. MobileMe could just be the canary in the coal mine as far as the Cupertino Kingdom is concerned. MobileMe isn’t that big a portion of their revenues right now, but what happens when the problems hit the iTunes store? Imagine the uproar when your 3G connections slow to a crawl because AT&T’s wireless backhaul can’t handle the traffic surge.

These are all the indicators of inefficient data center. I am not surprised by this as why would a great Infrastructure Architect work at Apple? Apple’s DNA is about iPhone, Mac OSX, Aperture, Final Cut Pro.  IT infrastructure isn’t a credible skill.

My Lesson’s from Apple

It’s been 16 years since I left Apple, and had a great time working on System 7 and Mac products, but had lost track of Apple colleagues. Due to my Staycation/Backyard Beach House, I had an Apple friend track me down and found there are a bunch of the people who I worked with on System 7 are back at Apple. Which could go to explain how Apple is doing better than Microsoft in OS development – Apple has a bunch of wise, experienced, and older managers who lived through the pains of OS development.

Working on OS’s for all those years at Apple and Microsoft taught me many lessons, and one key lesson I learned from Apple working on System 7 is the dangers of telling everybody “this is the OS we will innovative and we need to make big changes.”  System 7 had aspirations for features like a new graphics model and print model.  But how do you print some of the new graphics? How do legacy apps work with the new graphics model? Do developers/SW developers want a new graphics model? Apple eventually dropped the new graphics and print models as they didn’t work, but the pressure to be innovative was huge as that was what everyone else was doing. 12 years later at Microsoft, after finishing work on Windows XP leading a team, another group wanted to take over my group’s function for longhorn/Windows Vista, I gladly gave up the function as I knew Windows Vista was repeating the mistake of innovating the whole OS (Apple’s System 7).  I never ran Vista for the next 5 years as I knew it would be a pain, and only tried it last year when I got a new laptop.

As the Steve Jobs’ letter points out.

– Rather than launch MobileMe as a monolithic service, we could have launched over-the-air syncing with iPhone to begin with, followed by the web applications one by one – Mail first, followed 30 days later (if things went well with Mail) by Calendar, then 30 days later by Contacts.

Trying to get everything to work in a complex service is a difficult path which makes failure a high probability.  Imagine what Windows Vista had been like if Microsoft released features in phases, measuring the success of features based on the downloads and activation.  Base the dev teams bonus on use metrics.  It’s game changing, and flies in the face of the status quo. I like it!

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Microsoft's Christian Belady, "Energy Efficiency is More a Behavior Problem, not a Technical one"

Christian Belady has his posted on Changing Data Center Behavior Based on Chargeback Metrics. Here is the main point and results from the post.

Changing the Charging Model

In my presentation, I described how Microsoft now charges for data center services based on a function of kW used. If someone upgrades to a high-density blade server, they do not reduce their costs unless they also save power. This change created a significant shift in thinking among our customers, together with quite a bit of initial confusion, requiring us to answer the stock question “You’re charging for WHAT?” with “No, we’re charging for WATTS!”

Recording the Changes

From our perspective, our charging model is now more closely aligned with our costs. By getting our customers to consider the power that they use rather than space, then power efficiency becomes their guiding light. This new charging model has already resulted in the following changes:

  • Optimizing the data center design
    • Implement best practices to increase power efficiency.
    • Adopt newer, more power efficient technologies.
    • Optimize code for reduced load on hard disks and processors.
    • Engineer the data center to reduce power consumption.
  • Sizing equipment correctly
    • Drive to eliminate Stranded Compute by:
      • Increase utilization by using virtualization and power management technologies.
      • Selecting servers based on application throughput per watt.
      • Right sizing the number of processor cores and memory chips for the application needs.
    • Drive to eliminate stranded power and cooling—ensure that the total capacity of the data center is used. Another name for this is data center utilization and it means that you better be using all of your power capacity before you build your next data center. Otherwise, why did you have the extra power or cooling capacity in the first place...these are all costs you didn’t need.

I will be discussing the concepts of stranded compute, power, and cooling in greater detail in later posts.

Christian predicts electricity based chargebacks will change the behavior of the industry to think in terms of processing capability per kilowatt used.

Moving the Goalposts

I think it will take quite a bit of time for manufacturers to realize that the goalposts have moved. At present, it is quite difficult to get the answer to questions such as “What is the processing capacity of your servers per kilowatt of electricity used?” However, I do believe this change will come, which will drive rapid innovation along an entirely different vector, where system builders compete to create the most energy efficient designs. The benchmarking body, SPEC, has already started down this path with their SPECpower benchmark, but this needs to be done with applications.

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Australia Green IT Summit, 23 July 2008

Thanks to Bianca Wirth for sending me the following information.

This week I'll probably be posting more Aussie content as I have 3 different people I am meeting with from Australia this week to discuss Green Data Centers.

ICT Environmental Sustainability Group

The ACS on behalf of the Queensland ICT Industry launched a National Green IT Industry Special Interest Group and Taskforce 23rd July 2008 at the Brisbane Town Hall. Slides and video from the event are available.

The Green IT Industry SIG aims to provide industry and consumers with reliable information on current strategies and practices for achieving environmentally sustainable IT.

Speakers from Industry and Government explained how the IT Industry and major users can understand and respond effectively to the changing business landscape created by climate change and carbon accounting.

Presenters:

Alison O’Flynn - Guest keynote speaker

Alison heads the Sustainability Consulting practice for Fujitsu Australia, assisting organisations in understanding the risks and identifying opportunities in response to climate change, developing the ‘Green Business Case’ and implementing strategic initiatives.

· GREEN IT Delivering Business Sustainability (Text)

· GREEN IT Delivering Business Sustainability (Slides)

· GREEN IT Delivering Business Sustainability (Video)

Dr Paul Campbell, Green IT Industry Taskforce Chair

How Queensland is leading the national Green IT agenda

· Green IT SIG - Qld leading the agenda (Slides)

· Green IT SIG - Qld leading the agenda (Video)

Phillip Nyssen, Green IT Special Interest Group Chair

How you and your organisation can adopt Green IT practices.

· Green IT SIG Awareness, Knowledge, Adoption (Slides)

· Green IT SIG Awareness, Knowledge, Adoption (Video)

Here is a little fact from the presentaiton by Fujitsu's Alison O'Flynn. 

image

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Another VMware Tool, Lab Manager 3.0, next is Production Manager for the Virtual Data Center?

VMware rolled out its latest version of Lab Manager 3.0.  NetworkWorld covers the release.

VMware tool aims help developers

By Peter Sayer , IDG News Service , 08/04/2008

VMware wants to make it easier for IT departments to manage the virtual machine configurations that they use for testing or developing software, and will release an upgraded Lab Manager tool on Thursday.

Testing enterprise applications is becoming increasingly complex. With the adoption of service-oriented architectures and Web 2.0 techniques, the interactions of multiple servers must be taken into account, making it important that quality assurance be able to deploy realistic test set-ups easily and repeatably.

Don't Miss!Read the latest WhitePaper - Troubleshooting Remote Site Networks - Best Practices

VMware's Lab Manager allows software developers and testers to choose a virtual machine set-up from a library of previously stored configurations and deploy it to a server pool, while IT staff retain control of who does what. The configurations can include multiple virtual machines.

I am glad Lab manager has added the capability to use a library of stored VM configurations as this is something we manually needed to do for customers 4 years ago to make it easier to control the proliferation of VM iterations.

Going with the idea of VMware running a Virtual Data Center, VMware could manage a library of known good VM configurations that have tested and verified for security, compliance, etc. This would offload a huge burden from IT shops and VMware could make server configurations a commodity it sells as a service.

VMware is following the same strategy I recommend to many others in getting into the data center - go for the dev and test labs first then go into the production data center.  So, even though the product is being promoted as a lab tool, you can expect VMware to create a Production Manager Tool next or Lab Manager will integrate with VMware's lifecycle management tools.

In this white paper VMware discusses the the Virtual Data Center.


VMware white paper
Conclusion: The New Automated Virtual
Datacenter
VMware virtualization is changing IT organizations dramatically,
bringing unprecedented levels of flexibility to datacenter by
eliminating complex hardware and software interdependencies
and creating a standard platform for deploying mission-critical
applications. This shift will require IT organizations to think
differently about managing the IT infrastructure.
VMware Infrastructure accelerates the rate of change, and has
the potential to turn the datacenter on its head by services
and IT resources are fluid rather than static, meaning that
the traditional ways of managing systems no longer applies.
The traditional way of managing systems no longer applies.
Datacenter administrators need to account for this new dynamic
IT environment as they deploy and manage virtualization on an
increasingly greater scale.
Ultimately, the automated virtual datacenter provides several
key benefits:
• Eliminates manual, error-prone repetitive tasks, increasing ROI
and freeing up IT to focus on strategic projects.
• Minimizes risk and improves compliance with IT and business
policies
• Reduces configuration issues by maintaining consistent
systems across the datacenter
• Allows IT to increase responsiveness to the business,
accelerating time-to-market for IT services dramatically
To do this effectively, IT organizations need best-of-breed tools
designed to automate the new virtual datacenter. VMware
Infrastructure provides the core building blocks for the new
virtual datacenter, and solutions for automating IT service
delivery and business continuity let customers leverage their
existing investments in VMware to accelerate the rate of change
while maintaining predictability and control, providing greater
responsiveness to the business. Using VMware Infrastructure
as a strategic platform for the datacenter, organizations can
automate the virtual datacenter

There is no reason why VMware could not host the Virtual Data Center.

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Adobe’s Cloud Computing Initiative, Greening their Data Centers

GigaOm has an interview with Adobe’s Kevin Lynch, CTO discussing their cloud computing initiative.

The GigaOM Interview: Kevin Lynch, CTO, Adobe Systems
Om Malik, Monday, August 4, 2008 at 12:01 AM PT Comments (1)

Sitting across from me in the lounge of a posh Half Moon Bay, Calif., resort recently, Kevin Lynch, chief technology officer of Adobe Systems, a software company based in nearby San Jose, outlined his vision of the technology world at large. In particular, Lynch, who bears an uncanny resemblance to Harry Porter (picture the impish wizard as a grown-up) talked about how the confluence of cloud computing, web-centric applications and the emergence of the mobile Internet was going to impact our collective future.

Below are edited excerpts from our conversation:

Om Malik: How is the emergence of cloud computing impacting desktop-centric Adobe Systems as a company?

Kevin Lynch: Adobe is a 25-year-old company and that’s a great achievement because we have had the ability to change. We have changed with technological shifts. And now we are in that situation again. How software is made and sold is changing, so we are changing.

We are taking a balanced approach, and are building a hosted infrastructure. It’s not just about the cloud, but also about the desktop. There are some who are all about the cloud while others think about the desktop first. We have a hybrid approach, and we are doing that with our products like AIR.

Om: Can you talk about your online software-on-demand strategy?

Lynch: We have products like Buzzword, Photoshop Express and Acrobat.com that we are doing online. We are not deploying at the level of raw storage and raw hosting. Instead we are looking at application hosting from our customers’ perspective.

After reading about Photoshop Express’s cloud computing experience. It reminded me of some old colleagues who work at Adobe and have been building their energy efficient server infrastructure for a green data center. Last I checked with them a year ago they were custom building their own servers to get the performance they needed. Adobe is going to be one of those companies who say nothing about their data centers to protect their assets especially in a competitive area like photo sharing, but they have some unique advantages like the Photoshop code base and customers.

Om: So that means you guys need to learn a whole new language of building scalable infrastructure?

Lynch: We have 600,000 users of Photoshop Express and 500,000 unique visitors to the site every month. About 8 million Flash players are installed every day, and that needs a lot of bandwidth and infrastructure. So we know that, but it is a question facing all software companies going forward.

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