Most people know Gary Starkweather as the inventor of the laser printer. That’s the headline. The easy story. What most people don’t realize is that the laser printer wasn’t even his hardest invention.
The harder invention — the one that still gets overlooked — was Gary’s Color Coherence System, which later became known as ColorSync. That’s where his real brilliance lived: not in making another device, but in creating a language of coherence for how colors, scanners, printers, and displays could actually agree on what they were seeing.
Gary was a physicist who specialized in optics, but his deeper gift was understanding that coherence isn’t limited to light — it’s structural. It’s how things align, interact, and hold together. He didn’t just think in components; he thought in compositions. That’s what made the laser printer possible. It wasn’t just light scanning across paper; it was coherence structured into action.
When management at Xerox told him to stop wasting his time, Gary kept going anyway. He built his own lab, working after hours, because he could see what coherence looked like long before anyone else could. Xerox eventually made billions from his invention, yet Gary was never rewarded for what it was truly worth. A single corporate sales commission could exceed what he earned for his entire Xerox portfolio of patents.
But Gary never chased titles or approval. He chased understanding.
When I first met Gary, we were both wrestling with scanners and color. Our conversations went on for hours — about how sensors misread light, how digital systems lose their way, and how to bring color back into alignment with reality. Looking back now, those chats were really about structure: how to restore coherence between what’s real and what’s represented.
In 1992 I left Apple to work on Windows 3.1 technologies for the Far East, and our regular chats became rare. But whenever a color problem came up, I’d pick up the phone and call Gary. He had a way of bringing clarity to chaos. He didn’t argue; he aligned.
Then in 1997 Gary told me he was looking for something new. I suggested Microsoft.
He laughed and said, “It’s too wet there.”
I said, “How do you know if you’ve never gone?”
I made the introductions. He went. And for the first time in a long time, he was rewarded for being exactly who he was — a man who could see coherence where others saw confusion. He finally had the freedom to explore the ideas that had always lived inside him. He retired in 2005 — satisfied, recognized, and finally compensated for his insights.
To me, Gary’s legacy isn’t only the laser printer. It’s the principle behind it — that coherence is the invisible structure that makes things work. That’s what he taught me, even if we never said it out loud. When he built ColorSync, he wasn’t just solving color problems; he was proving that coherence could be engineered.
Reflecting on my own work in color — at Apple and Microsoft — I now see the parallel. My management never knew I was working on color. It wasn’t on a roadmap or a deliverable list. I just did it because it was a good problem to solve — one that, once fixed, would quietly improve everything around it.
Maybe that’s why I was such a difficult employee in systems built on hierarchy, control, and process — I wasn’t built to obey; I was built to align things that didn’t yet make sense. Those structures reward obedience, not curiosity. But invention doesn’t work that way. You can’t schedule discovery or file it through a committee. You have to feel the incoherence in a system and then follow the thread until it resolves.
Gary understood that. He didn’t wait for permission. He followed coherence wherever it led.
And that’s the question every inventor faces:
Do you take Gary’s path — the one that looks foolish to executives until it reshapes the world?
Or the path of those Xerox managers who thought playing with lasers was a complete waste of time?