What most will miss in EPA’s GHG announcement, impact on water and power infrastructure

It is pretty cool that you don’t have to be official press event on Dec 7, 2009 to see news events like EPA’s GHG announcement.  I could watch a live feed through MSNBC. 

The official press announcement makes warnings to health and environment, but in the report is impact to water and power infrastructure both of which you need for data centers.

I was able to get to the official climate change page http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment.html

Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act

You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view some of the files on this page.  See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa P. Jackson press briefing – Live Streaming available through www.epa.gov.

Action

On December 7, 2009, the Administrator signed two distinct findings regarding greenhouse gases under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act:

  • Endangerment Finding: The Administrator finds that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed greenhouse gases--carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)--in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations.
  • Cause or Contribute Finding: The Administrator finds that the combined emissions of these well-mixed greenhouse gases from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to the greenhouse gas pollution which threatens public health and welfare.

These findings do not themselves impose any requirements on industry or other entities.  However, this action is a prerequisite to finalizing the EPA’s proposed greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty vehicles, which were jointly proposed by EPA and the Department of Transportation’s National Highway Safety Administration on September 15, 2009. 

Going through the findings document what I found very interesting is the water section.  So, even though everybody thinks this is about GHG.  The potential effect on the water supply is huge. Section 11 of the report covers water.  Section 11(d)

11(d) Implications for Water Uses

There are many competing water uses in the United States that will be adversely impacted by climate change impacts to water supply and quality. Furthermore, the past century is no longer a reasonable guide to the future for water management (Karl et al., 2009). The IPCC reviewed a number of studies describing the impacts of climate change on water uses in the United States that showed:

 Decreased water supply and lower water levels are likely to exacerbate challenges relating to navigation in the United States (Field et al., 2007). Some studies have found that low-flow conditions may restrict ship loading in shallow ports and harbors (Kundzewicz et al., 2007). However, navigational benefits from climate change exist as well. For example, the navigation season for the North Sea Route is projected to increase from the current 20 to 30 days per year to 90 to 100 days by 2080 (ACIA, 2004 and references therein).

 Climate change impacts to water supply and quality will affect agricultural practices, including the increase of irrigation demand in dry regions and the aggravation of non-point source water pollution problems in areas susceptible to intense rainfall events and flooding (Field et al., 2007). For more information on climate change impacts to agriculture, see Section 9.

 The U.S. energy sector, which relies heavily on water for generation (hydropower) and cooling capacity, will be adversely impacted by changes to water supply and quality in reservoirs and other water bodies (Wilbanks et al., 2007). For more information on climate change impacts to the energy sector, see Section 13.

 Climate-induced environmental changes (e.g., loss of glaciers, reduced river discharge in someregions, reduced snow fall in winter) will affect park tourism, winter sport activities, inland water sports (e.g., fishing, rafting, boating), and other recreational uses dependent upon precipitation (Field et al., 2007). While the North American tourism industry acknowledges the important influence of climate, its impacts have not been analyzed comprehensively.

 Ecological uses of water could be adversely impacted by climate change. Temperature increases and changed precipitation patterns alter flow and flow timing. These changes will threaten aquatic ecosystems (Kundzewicz et. al., 2007). For more information, on climate change impacts on ecosystems and wildlife, see Section 14.

 By changing the existing patterns of precipitation and runoff, climate change will further stress existing water disputes across the United States. Disputes currently exist in the Klamath River, Sacramento Delta, Colorado River, Great Lakes region, and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River system (Karl et al., 2009).

Energy is a section of itself in section 13.  It is good to see the EPA put water before Energy infrastructure.

13(b) Energy Production

Climate change could affect U.S. energy production and supply a) if extreme weather events become more intense, b) where regions dependent on water supplies for hydropower and/or thermal power plant cooling face reductions or increases in water supplies, c) where changed conditions affect facility siting decisions, and d) where climatic conditions change (positively or negatively) for biomass, wind power, or solar energy production (Wilbanks et al., 2007; CCSP 2007a).

Significant uncertainty exists about the potential impacts of climate change on energy production and distribution, in part because the timing and magnitude of climate impacts are uncertain. Nonetheless, every existing source of energy in the United States has some vulnerability to climate variability. Renewable energy sources tend to be more sensitive to climate variables, but fossil energy production can also be adversely effected by air and water temperatures, and the thermoelectric cooling process that is critical to maintaining high electrical generation efficiencies also applies to nuclear energy. In addition, extreme weather events have adverse effects on energy production, distribution, and fuel transportation

The official press release  is here.

EPA: Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public Health and the Environment / Science overwhelmingly shows greenhouse gas concentrations at unprecedented levels due to human activity

Release date: 12/07/2009

Contact Information: Cathy Milbourn, Milbourn.cathy@epa.gov, 202-564-7849, 202-564-4355; En español: Lina Younes, younes.lina@epa.gov, 202-564-9924, 202-564-4355

EPA: Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public Health and the Environment

Science overwhelmingly shows greenhouse gas concentrations at unprecedented levels due to human activity
WASHINGTON – After a thorough examination of the scientific evidence and careful consideration of public comments, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced today that greenhouse gases (GHGs) threaten the public health and welfare of the American people. EPA also finds that GHG emissions from on-road vehicles contribute to that threat.

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The EPA provided sound snippets as well.

Speaker: Lisa P. Jackson
EPA Administrator

Sound bite 1 (MP3, 0:11 secs, 360 KB)
Transcript: Today, EPA announced that greenhouse gases threaten the health and welfare of the American people. We also found that greenhouse gas emissions from on-road vehicles contribute to that threat.

Sound bite 2 (MP3, 0:15 secs, 500 KB)
Transcript: The accumulation of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can lead to hotter, longer heat waves that threaten the health of the sick, the poor, the elderly - that can increase ground-level ozone pollution linked to asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

Sound bite 3 (MP3, 0:15 secs, 500 KB)
Transcript: Today’s announcement, on its own, does not impose any new requirements on industry. But, today’s announcement is the prerequisite for strong new emissions standards for cars and trucks: the ones the president announced last spring.

Sound bite 4 (MP3, 0:22 secs, 700 KB)
Transcript: Today’s finding is based on decades of research by hundreds of researchers. The vast body of evidence not only remains unassailable, it’s grown stronger, and it points to one conclusion: greenhouse gases from human activity are increasing at unprecedented rates and are adversely affecting our environment and threatening our health.

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Univ of Illinois NCSA facility drops UPS for energy efficiency and cost savings, bldg cost $3 mil per mW

Below is a lot of different parts in what Univ of Illinois’s NCSA facility is building to host the IBM Blue Waters Super Computer.  I’ve seen lots of people talk about energy efficiency and cost savings.  But, the things that got my attention is the fact is this facility dropped the UPS feature and it is built for $3mil per mW for a 24 mW facility. 

How can this be done?  I think a key contributor is IBM’s computer architects were involved to help make sure the building was designed to Blue Waters needs.

Maybe one of these days I can visit the facility in ChicagoUrbana-Champaign, but I can learn a lot just from the knowing where to look for information on the web.

Cnet news has an article IBM’s Blue Water super computer at University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing (NCSA).  But this article doesn’t have much details about the building. I’ve had a few discussions with IBM’s supercomputing folks and I knew they have put a lot of work into the buildings, but it can be sometimes hard to get the information.  The good thing is given the project is run by Univ of Illinois there is public information you can get to like here.

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William Kramer, Deputy Project Director, Blue Waters

By William Kramer
Deputy Project Director, Blue Waters

The computational science and engineering community requires five attributes from the systems they use and the facilities that provide those systems. These attributes deliver systems that efficiently and productively enhance the scientists' ability to achieve novel results. They are performance, effectiveness, reliability, consistency, and usability (which I refer to as the PERCU method). This is a holistic, user-based approach to developing and assessing computing systems, in particular HPC systems. The method enables organizations to use flexible metrics to assess the features and functions of HPC systems and, if they choose to purchase systems, assess them against the requirements negotiated with the vendor.

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Here is a video of the raised floor above being built out.

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But wanting more details I dug around for details about the site.  Here are details about the site.  Note the last paragraph.  No UPS.

Energy efficiency is an integral part of the Blue Waters project and the Petascale Computing Facility. The facility will:

  • Achieve LEED Silver certification, with LEED Gold as the goal.
  • Rely heavily on more efficient water cooling for the systems it houses.
  • Take advantage of an on-site tower to chill water for cooling the compute systems. This will reduce energy consumption by using the outside air to chill water during the cold winter months.
  • Take advantage of the campus' highly reliable electricity supply, avoiding the need for the standard back-up Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Eliminating the UPS saves equipment costs, minimizes floor space used, and increases energy efficiency because systems that employ a UPS convert AC to DC and back, incurring substantial energy losses.

Also, Blue Water uses water directly to the IT equipment.

And how does IBM keep this dense collection of ultrafast processors cool? In a word, water. "We actually went a bit further environmentally," said Ed Seminaro, an IBM Fellow who is involved with the University of Illinois project. "We took a lot of the infrastructure that's typically inside of the computer room for cooling and powering and moved the equivalent of that infrastructure right into that same cabinet with the server, storage, and interconnect hardware."

Seminaro continued: "The whole rack is water-cooled. We actually water-cool the processor directly to pull the heat out. We take it right to water, which is very power efficient," he said.

John Melchi in the video below discusses the building and how it was designed to have efficient power and cooling systems.  Here is a transcript of his conversation. 

One of the things you don’t think about when you look at a facility like this is the fact that the computer architect has been involved in the design of the building. So IBM has just been a tremendous partner and collaborator in helping Illinois and NCSA ensure that the Petascale Computing Facility will meet the needs of Blue Waters.

Specifically, we’ve made sure there’s enough space, power, and cooling. At the level of Blue Waters, you’re talking about substantial amounts of infrastructure to make a computer and a project like this work.

From the beginning the U of I and NCSA intended to build a data center that was a multi‐use facility. We have the ability to provide 5,400 tons of chilled water to the building. We have 24 megawatts of power coming in. That’s substantially more than the Blue Waters system is going to need. So we’re very well positioned to bring in new air‐cooled systems to the Petascale Computing Facility that will enable U of I researchers and researchers across the country to do their science.

But not just not the building is changed to accommodate Blue Water.  the applications are as well.

The Blue Waters staff is now working with about 20 large science teams to start revising their application codes to take full advantage of the Blue Waters features. Much of the work will enable codes to run well and at large scale on Blue Waters, but the work can also be applied to other systems in the future. We are doing this with simulation of the machine itself, application and system performance modeling with premier modeling groups, and early access to prototype systems and software. Over time, we will engage with other science areas as they are allocated time on Blue Waters.

CNET news’s article.

IBM: Envisioning the world's fastest supercomputer

IBM will release a radical new chip next year that will go into a University of Illinois supercomputer in a quest to build what may become the world's fastest supercomputer.

That university's supercomputer center is a storied place, home to both famous fictional and real supercomputers. The notorious HAL 9000 sentient supercomputer in "2001: A Space Odyssey" was built in Urbana, Illinois, presumably on the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign campus.

Power7 chip die

The Power7 chip die.

(Credit: IBM)

Though not aspiring to artificial intelligence, the IBM Blue Waters project supercomputer, like the HAL 9000 series, will be able to do massively complex calculations in an instant and, like HAL, be built in Urbana-Champaign. It is being housed in a special building on the Urbana-Champaign campus specifically for the computer that will theoretically be capable of achieving 10 petaflops, about 10 times as fast as the fastest supercomputer today. (A petaflop is 1 quadrillion floating point operations per second, a key indicator of supercomputer performance.)

Part of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois, it will be the largest publicly accessible supercomputer in the world when it's turned on sometime in 2011.

The data center for this will look like this

Artist rendering of University of Illinois center that will house IBM's Blue Waters supercomputer

Artist rendering of University of Illinois center that will house IBM's Blue Waters supercomputer

(Credit: University of Illinois)

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EPA says GHG are harmful, what is the impact to the data center?

Updated:  Here is my post regarding the announcement. /2009/12/what-most-will-miss-in-epas-ghg-announcement-impact-on-water-and-power-infrastructure.html

What most will miss in EPA’s GHG announcement, impact on water and power infrastructure

It is pretty cool that you don’t have to be official press event on Dec 7, 2009 to see news events like EPA’s GHG announcement.  I could watch a live feed through MSNBC.

The official press announcement makes warnings to health and environment, but in the report is impact to water and power infrastructure both of which you need for data centers.

EPA executives have a news conference scheduled today.

TODAY: Administrator Jackson to Make Significant Climate Announcement

Release date: 12/07/2009

Contact Information: EPA Press Office, press@epa.gov, (202) 564-6794

WASHINGTON – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa P. Jackson will make a significant climate announcement at a press briefing TODAY, December 7. The media briefing will be held at U.S. EPA Headquarters at 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
WHO: EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson
WHAT: Media Briefing on significant EPA climate announcement
WHEN: Monday, December 7, 1:15 p.m.
WHERE: U.S. EPA Headquarters
Ariel Rios South Building
1200 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W.
Washington, D.C.

AP/MSNBC have a news article before the press conference.

EPA says greenhouse gases are harmful

Announcement comes as Obama prepares to attend climate conference

Image: The AES Corporation Alamitos gas-fired power station

The AES Corporation 495-megawatt Alamitos natural gas-fired power station stands on Oct. 1 in Long Beach, Calif. The Obama administration has announced that rather than wait for Congress to act, it has authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to move forward on enacting new regulations on greenhouse gas emissions emitted from hundreds of power plants and large industrial facilities.

David Mcnew / Getty Images file

WASHINGTON - The Environmental ProtectionAgency has concluded greenhouse gases are endangering people's health and must be regulated, signaling that the Obama administration is prepared to contain global warming without congressional action if necessary.

EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson scheduled a news conference for later Monday to announce the so-called endangerment finding, officials told The Associated Press, speaking privately because the announcement had not been made.

Is regulation coming?

Under a Supreme Court ruling, the so-called endangerment finding is needed before the EPA can regulate carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases released from power plants, factories and automobiles under the federal Clean Air Act.

The EPA signaled last April that it was inclined to view heat-trapping pollution as a threat to public health and welfare and began to take public comments under a formal rulemaking. The action marked a reversal from the Bush administration, which had declined to aggressively pursue the issue.

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Why I didn’t live blog the Gartner data center conference

Originally I intended to live blog the Gartner to make observations.  I’ll write another post on the three things i got out of the event.

But for now here are the three reason I didn’t live blog the event.

  1. No photography is allowed.  If I can’t take pictures of presentation slides and the event, the content is much less interesting.  It is quicker and more effective to use pictures.
  2. Given Gartner’s protection of their IP and how they wanted their copyrights respected.  I was constantly asking what could I write about and not violate their copyright?  Safest thing was to not say much.  There were only 3 other media companies there, so there isn’t much media coverage.
  3. I found I wasn’t learning new things as much as hearing validation of ideas I have discussed in blog entries or personally.  So, what is the value of saying Gartner validated a concept discussed months if not years earlier?

So, I spent more time building my social network and met some great people that will help me write future blog entries.

Part of Gartner’s value is its social/business network of resources.  And for mass research, they are tops in IT.

What I did discover is the social network of innovative thinkers I get to discuss ideas with are 2 – 5 years ahead of Gartner. 

If you are going to smaller, you better be faster.

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Media Coverage at Gartner Data Center conference - DataCenterKnowledge, SearchDataCenter

As my first time to Gartner’s Data Center conference and having a press pass, I was curious who else would be there.  I knew Rich Miller and Kevin Normandeau would be at  the event.

I was pleasantly surprised to see Mark Fontecchio from SearchDataCenter and he said Matt Stansberry was going to be there as well.

Mark has a couple of articles

http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid80_gci1375821,00.html

Unified computing: A 2010 data center trend?

By Mark Fontecchio, News Writer
02 Dec 2009 | SearchDataCenter.com

LAS VEGAS -- Pundits and vendors swear that unified computing is the future of the server platform, but many IT pros won't sign on the dotted line.

Attendees at the Gartner Data Center Conference this week heard a lot about the future of servers, and that future involves a lot of so-called IT convergence, also known as unified computing," or 'converged architecture.' Andrew Butler, a Gartner vice president and analyst added his own buzzphrase: fabric-based computing and predicted that 30% of Global 2000 companies will run some form of it by the end of 2012.

http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid80_gci1375836,00.html

Server depreciation cycles hold steady, Gartner attendees say

By Mark Fontecchio, News Writer
02 Dec 2009 | SearchDataCenter.com

LAS VEGAS -- Gartner Data Center Conference attendees say their server refresh cycles have stayed about the same despite the poor economy.

Recent numbers from the research firm indicate that the IT industry in stabilizing, with server shipments increasing 13.8% in the third quarter compared with the second quarter of this year. Server shipments declined 17.1% year over year.

IT pros at the show this week said their server refresh cycles – normally three to five years – haven't changed much, although some report that they're edging closer to the five-year end of the spectrum. "Three to five years is our average," said Greg Manahan, the deputy CIO of operations for Naval Air Systems Command. "They've definitely been stretching it out some. IT costs have been getting cut to pay for military environments and weapons systems. IT is certainly important, but not as important as that."

Rich Miller from DataCenterKnowledge doesn’t have any posts up yet, but I know he was pretty booked with meetings.  Kevin was busy as well.

One of the main benefits of going to an event like Gartner Data Center conference is to socialize.  It was good seeing Matt and Mark from SearchDataCenter, and we figured the next time we would all see each other is Uptime Institute’s spring event, but haven’t seen any dates for this.

Rich Miller and Kevin Nomandeau I had many small conversations discussing the industry and future direction.

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